Effects of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol^® in a rat model of carrageenan induced inflammation

Abstract 

The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol^® in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Firstly, the compositions of both samples were determined using HPLC. Then, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Paw volume was measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6h after the injection of carrageenan. Intraperitoneal administration of both the extract and Pycnogenol^® inhibited paw swelling dose-dependently at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6h after carrageenan injection. Both samples exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities at doses of 75 and 100mg/kg body wt. between 2 and 4 hours after administration (p<0.05), respectively. Additionally, P. brutia bark extract showed significantly better activity at doses of 75 and 100mg/kg body wt. than indomethacine at the dose of 10mg/kg body wt. (p<0.05). No acute toxicity was identified in intraplantar injection of the extract at a dose of 2000mg/kg body wt.. Therefore, P. brutia bark extract possessing 3.3-fold more total catechins and 9.8-fold more taxifolin than Pycnogenol^® can be utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Keywords: Pinus brutia, Pycnogenol^®, Pine bark extract, Anti-inflammatory activity, Rat, Paw edema model