Phytomedicine
Volume 16, Issue 9 , Pages 839-844 , September 2009

Silymarin BIO-C®, an extract from Silybum marianum fruits, induces hyperprolactinemia in intact female rats

  • Raffaele Capasso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Gabriella Aviello

      Affiliations

    • Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Francesco Capasso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Francesco Savino

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Piazza Polonia, 94 10126 Torino, Italy
  • ,
  • Angelo A. Izzo

      Affiliations

    • Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Francesca Lembo

      Affiliations

    • Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
  • ,
  • Francesca Borrelli

      Affiliations

    • Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +39081678665; fax: +39081678403.

References 

  1. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipon JD. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. second ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2002;p. 341
  2. Ben-Jonathan N, Hugo ER, Brandebourg TD, LaPensee CR. Focus on prolactin as a metabolic hormone. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2006;17:110–116
  3. Britton C, McCormick FM, Renfrew MJ, Wade A, King SE. Support for breastfeeding mothers. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2007;24:CD001141
  4. Capasso, F., Gaginella, T.S., Izzo, A.A., Grandolini, G., 2003. Phytotherapy. A Quick Reference to Herbal Medicine. Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K.
  5. Carotenuto D, Di Pierro F. Studio sulla tollerabilità ed efficacia della silimarina BIO-C® (Piùlatte®) micronizzata come galattagogo. Acta Neonantol. Pediatr. 2005;4:393–400
  6. Chanson P, Borson-Chazot F, Chabre O, Estour B. Drug treatment of hyperprolactinemia. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris). 2007;68:113–117
  7. Colao A, di Sarno A, Pivonello R, di Somma C, Lombardi G. Dopamine receptor agonists for treating prolactinomas. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2002;11:787–800
  8. Danforth KN, Tworoger SS, Hecht JL, Rosner BA, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE. Breastfeeding and risk of ovarian cancer in two prospective cohorts. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18:517–523
  9. Duhau L, Grassi J, Grouselle D, Enjalbert A, Grognet JM. An enzyme immunoassay for rat prolactin: application to the determination of plasma levels. J. Immunoassay. 1991;12:233–250
  10. Gabay MP. Galactogogues: medications that induce lactation. J. Hum. Lact. 2002;18:274–279
  11. Giese LA. Milk thistle and the treatment of hepatitis. Gastroenterol. Nurs. 2001;24:95–97
  12. Grattan DR. Behavioural significance of prolactin signalling in the central nervous system during pregnancy and lactation. Reproduction. 2002;123:497–506
  13. Grattan DR, Pi XJ, Andrews ZB, Augustine RA, Kokay IC, Summerfield MR, et al. Prolactin receptors in the brain during pregnancy and lactation: implications for behavior. Horm. Behav. 2001;40:115–124
  14. Gupta OP, Sing S, Bani S, Sharma N, Malhotra S, Gupta BD, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of silymarin acting through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Phytomedicine. 2000;7:21–24
  15. Hoddinott P, Tappin D, Wright C. Breast feeding. Br. Med. J. 2008;336:881–887
  16. Ilett KF, Kristensen JH. Drug use and breastfeeding. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2005;4:745–768
  17. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Chew P, Magula N, DeVine D, et al. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess. (Full Rep.). 2007;153:1–186
  18. Katona P, Katona-Apte J. The interaction between nutrition and infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008;46:1582–1588
  19. Kawakami M, Arita J. Circadian rhythm of prolactin surges induced by stimulation of the uterine cervix in the ovariectomized rat: its sexual differentiation and preoptic regulation. J. Endocrinol. 1981;91:325–334
  20. Labbok MH. Effects of breastfeeding on the mother. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2001;48:143–158
  21. Mancini T, Casanueva FF, Giustina A. Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2008;37:67–99
  22. Mennella J. Alcohol's effect on lactation. Alcohol Res. Health. 2001;25:230–234
  23. Neifert MR. Prevention of breastfeeding tragedies. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2001;48:273–297
  24. Nencini C, Giorgi G, Micheli L. Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain. Phytomedicine. 2007;14:129–135
  25. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 1996;pp. 46–47
  26. Rainone F. Milk thistle. Am. Fam. Phys. 2005;72:1285–1288
  27. Rehm S, Stanislaus DJ, Wier PJ. Identification of drug-induced hyper- or hypoprolactinemia in the female rat based on general and reproductive toxicity study parameters. Birth Defects Res. B. Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. 2007;80:253–257
  28. Shantakumar S, Terry MB, Teitelbaum SL, Britton JA, Millikan RC, Moorman PG, et al. Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk among older women. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2007;102:365–374
  29. Tamayo C, Diamond S. Review of clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.). Integr. Cancer Ther. 2007;6:146–157
  30. Tedesco D, Domeneghini C, Sciannimanico D, Tameni M, Steidler S, Galletti S. Silymarin, a possible hepatoprotector in dairy cows: biochemical and histological observations. J. Vet. Med. A. Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. 2004;51:85–89
  31. van Zutphen, L.F.M., Baumans, V., Beynen, A.C. (Eds.), 1993. Biology and husbandry of laboratory animals. In: Principles of Laboratory Animal Science. Elsevier, Amsterdam, London, pp. 17–74.
  32. Whitten WK. Modification of the oestrous cycle of the mouse by external stimuli associated with the male. J. Endocrinol. 1956;13:399–404
  33. Whitten WK, Bronson FH, Greenstein JA. Estrus-inducing pheromone of male mice: transport by movement of air. Science. 1968;161:584–585
  34. World Health Organization, 2003. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Geneva, Switzerland.

PII: S0944-7113(09)00042-7

doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.02.007

Phytomedicine
Volume 16, Issue 9 , Pages 839-844 , September 2009