The Amazonian herbal Marapuama attenuates cognitive impairment and neuroglial degeneration in a mouse Alzheimer model
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is expected to affect more than 22 million people worldwide by 2025, causing devastating suffering and enormous costs to families and society. AD is a multifactorial disease, with a complex pathological mosaic. In rodents, AD-like dementia can be induced by cerebral microinjection of Aβ peptide, leading to amyloid deposits, amnesia and various features of neurodegeneration. Marapuama (Ptychopetalum olacoides) is regarded as a “brain tonic” in the Amazon region and shows a nootropic profile in rodents.
Aim of the study
Because a specific extract (POEE) of Marapuama was shown to possess promnesic and anti-amnesic properties, the aim of this study was to verify if POEE is also effective against Aβ1–42-induced cognitive deficit in mice. Additionally, Aβ deposits (Congo red), GFAP immunoreactivity (immunohistochemistry), and neurodegenerative changes in the hippocampal pyramidal layer (Nissl) were examined as measures of Aβ1–42-induced neurodegeneration.
Materials and methods
CF1 mice were subjected to the experimental Alzheimer model with the Aβ1–42 i.c.v. administration. The effects of POEE 800
mg/kg were evaluated over 14 consecutive days of treatment.
Results
The data show that 14 days of oral treatment with POEE (800
mg/kg) was effective in preventing Aβ-induced cognitive impairment, without altering the levels of BDNF and with parallel reductions in Aβ deposits and astrogliosis. CA1 hippocampus loss induced by Aβ1–42 was also diminished in POEE-treated mice.
Conclusion
This study offers evidence of functional and neuroprotective effects of two weeks treatment with a Ptychopetalum olacoides extract against Aβ peptide-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Given the multifactorial nature of neurodegeneration, the considerable potential for an AChE inhibitor displaying associated neuroprotective properties such as here reported warrants further clinic evaluation.
Keywords: Ptychopetalum olacoides, Neuroprotection, Dementia
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PII: S0944-7113(10)00235-7
doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.013
© 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
